Pilonidal sinus, also known as pilonidal cyst, is a condition that primarily affects the sacrococcygeal area, just above the buttock crease. This condition, although common, can be painful and uncomfortable, and is often overlooked.
In this guide, from Innova Cirugía, we will explore how to identify the symptoms of this condition, the risk factors and the available treatment options.
What is Pilonidal Sinus?
Pilonidal sinus is a small cyst or sac that forms in the skin, usually on the lower back near the coccyx. This cyst may contain hairs, dead tissue or fat, and in some cases, it can become infected, causing significant discomfort. Although it can affect anyone, it is most common in young men between the ages of 15 and 30.
Why does Pilonidal Sinus occur?
Pilonidal sinus develops when a hair follicle becomes clogged in the skin, causing a cyst to form. Although the exact cause is not always clear, it is believed that factors such as genetics, hygiene and body hair may play a role in its development.
Common Symptoms of Pilonidal Sinus
Early diagnosis of a pilonidal sinus is crucial to avoid complications. Symptoms may vary depending on the severity of the condition, but the most common symptoms are as follows.
Pain in the Affected Area
One of the first symptoms patients experience is localized pain in the sacral area. This pain tends to worsen when the person sits or stands for long periods of time. The discomfort can range from mild to severe, depending on the inflammation or infection of the cyst.
Appearance of a Lump
Pilonidal sinus often presents as a small lump or bump on the lower back. This lump may be firm to the touch and in some cases, may appear red or inflamed. If the cyst becomes infected, the area may become more visible and painful.
Fluid or Pus Secretion
When a pilonidal cyst becomes infected, it may release pus or a foul-smelling fluid. This discharge is a clear sign that the cyst is inflamed or infected. In some cases, abscesses may form, requiring immediate medical treatment.
Sensitivity to Touch
The area where the pilonidal sinus is located can become extremely sensitive. Even a light touch can cause pain. This symptom may be particularly noticeable with prolonged sitting or physical activity.
Fever
If the cyst becomes severely infected, patients may experience fever. Fever is a sign that the body is fighting the infection, and it is important to consult a physician if this symptom occurs.
What Are the Risk Factors?
Although anyone can develop a pilonidal sinus, there are certain factors that increase the risk of suffering from this condition, as you will see below.
Excess Body Hair
Excessive body hair, especially in the sacral area, can contribute to the formation of a pilonidal sinus. Hair follicles in this area can easily become clogged, increasing the likelihood of a cyst forming.
Sitting for Prolonged Periods
People who spend many hours sitting, such as those who drive or have office jobs, have an increased risk of developing a pilonidal sinus. Constant friction in this area can contribute to the formation of the cyst.
Poor Hygiene
Inadequate hygiene, which does not allow the area between the buttocks to be properly cleaned, can also be a risk factor for the development of this condition. Accumulation of sweat and dirt in the area increases the likelihood of a pilonidal cyst forming.
Obesity
Excess body weight can put pressure on the sacral area, which increases the risk of pilonidal cyst formation. In addition, fat accumulation in this area can make proper hygiene difficult.
Diagnosis of Pilonidal Sinus
If you suspect you may have a pilonidal sinus, the first thing you should do is consult a physician. An early diagnosis can help avoid major complications, such as recurrent infections or abscesses.
Physical Examination
Diagnosis of pilonidal sinus is usually made through a physical examination. The physician will examine the affected area for lumps, redness, or signs of infection. In some cases, an ultrasound may be necessary to evaluate the depth of the cyst.
Secretion Analysis
If the cyst is infected and there is discharge, the doctor may take a sample of pus for analysis to determine if bacteria are present and need to be treated with antibiotics.
Pilonidal Sinus Treatments
Treatment of a pilonidal sinus depends on the severity of symptoms and the presence of infection. The most common methods of treatment are described below.
Conservative Treatment
If the cyst is not infected and the symptoms are mild, it can be treated conservatively. This involves keeping the area clean and dry, and applying warm compresses to relieve pain. In addition, analgesics may be prescribed to reduce discomfort.
Surgical Drainage
In more severe cases, the physician may recommend surgical drainage to remove the cyst and reduce infection. This procedure is performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the extent of the cyst.
Complete Removal Surgery
If the cyst recurs or is particularly large, surgery may be necessary to completely remove the pilonidal sinus. Surgical intervention allows for long-term recovery, although prolonged recovery may be necessary.
Prevention and Aftercare
If you have had a pilonidal sinus in the past, there are several steps you can take to prevent future episodes.
Maintaining Hygiene
Proper hygiene is essential to prevent the formation of pilonidal cysts. Be sure to clean the sacrococcygeal area well and avoid accumulation of sweat and dirt.
Friction Avoidance
If you are prone to this condition, try to reduce friction in the sacral area. Wearing more comfortable clothing and avoiding prolonged sitting may help.
Weight Control
Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce pressure on the affected area and reduce the risk of pilonidal cyst formation.
Conclusion
Pilonidal sinus is a common condition that can cause pain and discomfort, but is treatable with early intervention. If you experience symptoms such as lower back pain, lumps, discharge or fever, it is important to seek medical attention. With proper diagnosis and treatment, you can minimize discomfort and prevent future complications.
If you suspect you have a pilonidal sinus or need specialized treatment, at Innova Cirugía we have the best professionals. Contact us today to receive personalized attention and improve your well-being.
