Although the pilonidal cyst in women is less common, its presence should not be underestimated.
This disease, characterized by recurrent pain and swelling in the sacral region, is the result of an inflammatory process that causes discomfort and often other complications.
In addition to persistent pain, inflammation can lead to increased susceptibility to infection and can significantly limit the ability to carry out daily activities normally.
In this sense, it is crucial to understand the signs, symptoms, treatment and prevention of pilonidal sinus in women to address the condition effectively, minimizing complications and risks.
How the pilonidal cyst forms in women
The pilonidal cyst forms mainly in the sacrococcygeal region, just above the intergluteal fold, and its origin is associated with the obstruction of the hair follicles in that area.
Hair follicles in the sacrococcygeal region can become clogged by various factors, such as abnormal hair growth, continuous friction, or a buildup of dead skin cells.
This blockage can cause hair and other substances to build up inside the follicle, which in turn causes inflammation.
Read here: What is pilonidal sinus?
Although the exact cause is not always clear, it is believed that several elements can contribute to its formation.
For women, factors such as body hair, anatomy, and physical activity can increase the risk of developing this type of cyst.
Signs and symptoms of pilonidal cyst
When the sacral cyst forms, several of the following symptoms are likely to appear:
- Pain in the affected area
Pain in the sacral region is usually one of the first signs. This pain may increase when sitting or performing movements that put pressure on the area. It can also be accompanied by fever.
- Inflammation and redness
The presence of inflammation and redness around the affected area is common. The skin may become sensitive and irritated.
- Palpable mass or lump
To the touch, you can feel a mass or lump under the skin in the crease between the buttocks. This lump may be gentle at first, but may become more pronounced over time.
Pilonidal sinus is more common in men than women (four men for every woman develop pilonidal disease).
- Discharge of fluid or blood
Abscess formation within the cyst can result in the release of fluids, sometimes mixed with blood. This secretion can be noticeable, especially during inflammatory phases.
- Recurrent infection
Women who experience repeated infections in the sacral region should consider the possibility of a pilonidal cyst.
Infections can manifest as painful abscesses.
- Appearance of fistulas
In more severe or chronic cases, the pilonidal cyst can develop a fistula, which is an abnormal tunnel that connects the cyst to the surface of the skin.
This may result in discharge or drainage of fluid through the skin.
It is extremely important that you pay attention to the signs and seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms; with specialized care the risks of not receiving treatment are minimized.
Causes of pilonidal cyst
The causes of pilonidal cyst are generally attributed to factors such as constant friction, accumulation of hair in the follicles, and genetic predisposition.
It should be noted that in women, anatomy and the possibility of increased friction due to tight clothing may contribute to the development of this condition.
On the other hand, activities that involve prolonged pressure on the tailbone region, such as sitting for prolonged periods, may also increase the risk.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pilonidal cyst in women involves a clinical evaluation.
The doctor will review symptoms, perform a physical examination, and in some cases may order ultrasounds or MRIs to evaluate the severity of the cyst or detect the presence of fistulas.
Treatment of pilonidal cyst in women
There are three main treatment options for pilonidal cyst in women and their suitability may vary depending on the severity of the symptoms.
1. Conservative management
For mild cases, treatment may involve measures such as sitz baths to disinfect the wound and antibiotics to control the infection.
However, in many cases the infection returns over time and other treatment such as surgery may be necessary.
2. Drainage of abscesses
In situations where an abscess forms, surgical drainage may be necessary.
In this treatment, local anesthesia is used, then an incision is made in the cyst to drain the fluid and pus. Daily treatments are required until complete healing.
3. Surgery
For recurrent or chronic cases, surgery is the best option to consider. Now, there are various surgical techniques that allow treating pilonidal sinus, some better than others.
In our clinic, for example, we perform a new pilonidal sinus surgery technique that allows for a faster and less painful recovery.
How to prevent pilonidal cyst in women
Although pilonidal sinus cannot be prevented in all cases, the following measures may help reduce the risk:
- Keep the area clean and dry.
- Take breaks if you spend a lot of time sitting to reduce pressure on the sacral region.
- Avoid tight clothing and opt for underwear and pants that do not generate additional friction.
- Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular physical activity
- Be attentive to any changes in the skin of the sacral area.
- Seek immediate medical attention if you notice signs of the onset of a pilonidal cyst, such as redness, swelling, or discomfort.
We recommend you read our article: Debunking myths about the pilonidal sinus
If you need professional help, contact our team specialized in pilonidal cyst surgery.
