Pilonidal Sinus: Symptoms and Diagnosis
Pilonidal cyst is a very frequent pathology in young people, between 15 and 30 years of age.
pilonidal sinus
Pilonidal sinus or pilonidal cyst is a condition that appears in the intergluteal fold, that is, between the buttocks; formed by skin and hair follicles, usually produced when a hair pierces the skin and then becomes ingrown.
In many cases, pilonidal sinuses often remain asymptomatic and are discovered almost accidentally.
The diagnosis of pilonidal sinus is made only by the clinical symptoms presented by the patient; an examination or evaluation with a specialist is necessary to determine whether or not a pilonidal cyst exists.
It is important to make a differential diagnosis, ruling out boils, perianal fistulas and sacral osteomyelitis, among other similar pathologies.
Symptoms
The diagnosis of pilonidal disease is very different from patient to patient. However, some of the most common pilonidal cyst symptoms are:
- Chronic and acute pain in the gluteal fold area.
- Appearance of a tender lump in the gluteal crease area (pilonidal abscess)
- Bleeding in the buttock crease
- Sinus tract openings in the skin
- Darkening of the skin on each side of the buttock crease
- In some cases, appearance of a red, painful lump adjacent to the buttock crease (reddening of the skin in that area).
Causes of pilonidal sinus
The precise causes of pilonidal sinus that lead to this condition are unknown. However, pilonidal sinus is usually caused by a stray hair that pierces the skin and becomes ingrown, creating a cyst or abscess around it, as the body’s response to a foreign substance. Factors that can make you more prone to form pilonidal cysts include:
- Being a man
- Be between 20 and 30 years old
- Suffering from obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Spending a lot of time sitting
- Having a lot of body hair
- Having very hard and thick hair
How to prevent pilonidal sinus?
- Keep the area clean
- If necessary, lose weight
- Avoid sitting for prolonged periods of time
- use hair removal products to reduce the risk of hair regrowth.
Frequently Asked Questions
about pilonidal sinus
- Reddening of the skin
- Pain
- Presence of pus or blood in an opening of the skin.
- Unpleasant odor of oozing pus.
This pathology should be treated by a specialist in coloproctology, which is responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the colon, rectum and anus.
As we know, the pilonidal cyst is located in the region above the intergluteal fold, an area of treatment for this specialist.